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Glossary

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Against the grain	Folding paper at the right angles to the grain of paper.
Bleed	This is where the image extends to the edge of printed sheet, without leaving a border.
Block	See 'Line block' and halftone block Also see 'Gold block'
Bust binding	A form of binding similar to perfect binding.
Case Bound	Books bound in stiff boards covered by fabric or other material.
CMYK	Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black, the ink colours used for process colour reproduction.
Coated paper	Paper with a surface coating to produce a smooth finish either matt or glossy.
Concertina fold	Term used for two or more parallel paper folds witch open in a concertina fashion.
Coated paper	Paper with a surface coating to produce a smooth finish either matt or glossy.
Deboss	A plate sunk image.
Densitometer	Photoelectric instrument witch measures the density on the photographic images, or colours. Used in colour printing and quality control to determine accurately whether colours are consistent through the run. The densitometer reads the solid colour bars to be seen on the untrimmed printing sheet.
Die cutting	The process of using sharp steel rules to cut special shapes in the paper being used in the production of a project.
Digital colour proof	An electronic colour proof reproduced from the electronic data.
DPI	An acronym for dots per inch. The number of dots that fix horizontally and vertically into one-inch measure. Generally the more dots per inch, the more detail is captured and the sharper the image will print.
Dummy	Sample of the proposed work prepared before printing to assist in assessing design and estimating production requirements, A binders dummy is made to establish the exact dimensions of the bound book or any person associated with printing.
Duotone	Halftone printed using black and colour halftones, or in any two colours.

Embossing	Relief imaging to achieve a raised printed surface, (blind embossing gives an unlinked impressions on blank paper.
EPS	(Encapsulated postscript), A file format that allows postscript data to be stored and edited. Is easy to transfer between Mac and Ms-Dos platforms.
Finishing	Preparing printed pagers for final use such as folding, stitching, punching etc.
Flexography	A process involving printing from rubber or (more recently) plastic plates.
Foil stamping	Process which employs the same basic principle as letterpress printing, the link being replaced by foil, applied with heat.
Four colour process	Often called 'full colour' - see process colour.
Gatefold	Flap from the four -edge, with a fold running parallel to the spine of the book The finished page is marginally smaller that the normal trimmed page. A double fold, usually of card or heavy board from two outside edges of a folder. From the two outside edges of a folder. The two folded pagers meet in the centre of the page, edge to edge, rather like a double gate.
Grain	In papermaking, the direction in which most fibre lie corresponding to direction that the paper travels during the papermaking process.
Grammage	Weight of a standard area of paper expressed in grams per square meter, abbreviated gsm or gm2.
GSM	Grams per square meter: a standard measure of the weight of paper. Also expressed as gm2.
Gutter	Inner margin of a page.
Hard copy	Product of a word processor at various stages in data processing or as a visual check to typesetting. Hard to copy is often used for proof reading and correction of data where the system does not incorporate a verification stage.
Hickey	Spot or imperfection due to dirt on the press, hardened specs of ink etc.
Imposition	Laying out of pagers so that they will be incorrect order after the printed sheet is folded.
Impression	In printing the impression of type, plate or blanket as it comes in contact with the paper.
Interleaf	Leaves inserted between pages of a book to stop set off.
Intranet	An internal (private) network inside a company or organization that works much like the internet.
IR-	Infrared

JPEG	A compressed life format for bitmap images (short for joint). Photographic experts group, the organization that created the format.
K	Abbreviation for quantity of 1000
Lacquer	Clear coating, usually glossy, applied to a printed sheet for protection or to enhance appearance.
Laminate	Bonding clear plastic film by heat and pressure to sheet of paper to protect the print and improve its appearance.
Landscape	Page or illustration winder then it is deep.
Leaf	Two pages of a book, the front and back of a single piece of paper
Letterpress	Printing direct from upraised type or blocks.
Make-Ready	Final machine preparation for printing to ensure an even impression over the entire printing area can be significant percentage of the costs of printing, particularly for short runs of colour work.
Matt Finish	Paper finished without gloss.
Matt Print	Photo prints having dull finish.
Mock-Up	Model of the finished book or magazine with essentials details sketched in.
Moire	Screen pattern in printing caused by overlaying conflicting screen angled. Resembles the moire Patten in silk.
Mottle	Spotty or uneven appearance of printing.
Offset	Printing in witch the image is transferred from plate to paper by means of a rubber-covered cylinder. A general term for offset lithography.
Opaque	In photoengraving and offset lithography, to print out areas on negative or positive film not wanted on the plate.
Overprinting	Double printing, printing over an area already printed.
Overs	Copies of print matter in excess of the quantity required.
Pagination	Paging of a book and numbering of the pagers. Trade name for an electronic system used in colour scanning.

Raster Image processor- (RIP)	The hardware and / or software that is translated data from post script and other high level languages into dots or pixels in printer or image- setter.
Register	Accurate superimposition of colours in multicolour printing: exact alignment of pages so that they back one another precisely.
Register Marks	Crosses or other marks on original to act as a guide for plate making, printing and colour registration, sometimes known as keys.
Resolution	In monitors resolution is a commonly measured by the number of pixels that can be displayed in a specific area. In printers, resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi). In either case, more pixels or dots mean a finer graphics image.
Saddle-Stitching	Securing pages by wire staples through the centre fold. In saddle-stitched work the printed sections are inserted one inside the other.
Scoring	Furrowing a sheet, particularly if it's heavy stock, so that it will fold without cracking.
Self Cover	Cover printed on the same stock as a book.
Set Off	In presswork, when the ink of a print sheet rubs off or marks the next sheet it is being delivered. Also called offset.
Show-Trough	When print on one side of a sheet of paper can be easily seen from the other side.
Slitting	Cutting printed sheets or webs into two or more sections by means of cutting wheels on a press folder.
Spiral binding	Book bound with wires in a spiral from inserted through holes punched along the binding side.
Stock	Paper or other material to be printed.

Text	Body matter of a page or book, as distinguished from headings.
Register Marks	Crosses or other marks on original to act as a guide for plate making, printing and colour registration, sometimes known as keys.
Trapping of inks	Proper trapping is the condition when the same amount of ink transfers to previously printed ink as black paper.
Trim marks	Marks placed on copy to indicate the edge of the page from trimming.
UV	Ultraviolet rays used as an ink vehicle drying method.
Varnish	Thin protective coating applied to a printed sheet for protection or appearance. In ink making it can be or part of the ink vehicle.
Vignette	Illustration in witch the tone fades gradually away until it blends into the unprinted paper.
Visuals	Rough sketches, prepared by designer in deciding the layout of the printed matter.
Wire-O binding	Continuous double series of wire loops run through punched slots along the binding side of the booklet.
Wire Side	The side of a sheet next to the wire in papermaking; opposite from the felt side.
Work-and-Tumble	To print one side of a sheet of paper, then turn the sheet over from the gripper to the back used for printing both sides.
Work-and-Turn	To print one side of a sheet of paper, then turn the sheet over from left to right and print the second side. The same gripper is used for printing both sides.
Work-and-twist	Method of impositions in which the second printing is taken from the same form and on the sane side of the paper as the first, the paper being twisted between printings.